Valve construction



y 1931- I A. GREINERQET AL 1,806,972

VALVE CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 6, 1927 Hiiiiih' nucnfoz ja are/e2" 627% Patented May 26, 1931 UNITED STATES ADOIIPE GREINER AND CORNELIUS J. OlB MILFORD, MICHIGAN VALVE consrauorron Application filed August 6, 1927. Serial No. 211,075.

The present invention pertains to a novel valve construction identified particularly with puppet valves for internal combustion en nes.

teel valves of'this type have been made in many ways, and a common process consists in forging them from a shank of steel on which ahead is upset. In other words, the shankof steel is hammered at one end until flattened to form the head. This method imparts such a strain to the metal that many of the valuable properties thereof are destroyed, and various heat treatments must be applied to remedy the defects.

The present invention provides a valve and a. method of making the same whereby the above described defects'are avoided and the manufacture considerably simplified and reduced in cost. Thedistinguishing feature of our valve is that thehead is a casting of a suitable metalor allo for withstanding the heat towhich itis su jected in operation in a motor. Integral with this head is cast a neck of thesame metal constituting a portion ofthe valve stem and being of such length as to lie in the zone of greatest heat in all positions during operation in the engine. A valve stem of inferior material is welded to the cast stem rtion to complete the device.

The length 0 the cast stem portion is such;

that the inferior stemportion is at all times disposed in the valve guide and protected from the zone of greatest heat.

The invention is fully disclosed by way of :5 example in the following description and in the accompanying drawing, which shows a fragmentary vertical section of a cylinder block provided with a valve of our invention, which valve is illustrated mostly in elevation 4D and in section only at the joint.

The numeral l indicates a cylinder of con ventional character havin acombustion space 2 at its upper end an an exhaust passage 3 disposed partly beneath the space. A

'4 partition 4 separates the. space 2 from the passage 3 and is formed.- with a valve seat 5 for permitting communication between these spaces. In the lower part ofthe passage 3 1s mounted a bushing 6 for the valve" which controls the port 4. I

The head 7 of the valve is a casting of a metal suitable to withstand the. conditions to which it is subjected. Preferably a neck 8 constituting a part of the valve stem is formed in the same casting operation as the head, integral therewith and of the same metal. 'The casting is cleaned and then forged to. exact exterior dimensions preferably by hammering in a die. The forging method however is such as not to destroy the virgin grain of the metal created in the cast-v ing operation. Finally a stem 9 is fixed to the neck 8 by any suitable method such as butt welding.

The properties of a casting are admirable for the conditions to which an engine valve is subjected, and the adaptation of a casting for use in an engine valve constitutes the outstanding feature of our invention. One of these properties is the retention of the virgin grain which 'permits equal expansion throughout and prevents warping and distortion when subjectedto thedifferent tem- 'pe'ratures that a motor produces at variousspeeds. The grain in the head, in cross section, has a herringbone formation with its center in a plane passed centrally and circumferentially through the valve. In the integral neck, the-grain is radial. The metalfrom which the casting is made is preferably v.80 a chromium-nickel alloy having the following composition: a

Chromiumfrom 10 to 20 percent, nickel from 25 to 30 percent, and iron about 45 percent. A portion of the valve stem is exposed at times to substantially the same temperature as the head, and the properties of the head are extended to this portion of the stem by casting it integrally with the head and of the same metal. The length of this portion of the stem is such that the inferior section 9 of the stem-is at no time drawn out of its 'ing in connection with motor valves is that its hardness is maintained and that'it will not least partially in'the valve stem guide at all i anneal at the temperature of the exploded gas which is about 1100 F. or 1200 F.

In addition to the foregoing advantages the invention provides also an inexpens ve method of making the valve, for the process described herein is much simpler and requires less labor than the present mode of forging and grinding.

Although a specific embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will be understood that various alterations in the details of construction may be made Without departing from the scope of the invention as indicated by the appended claims.

What We claim is I 1. A puppet valve having a cast metal head and a cast metal neck extending therefrom, a valve stem guide for said valve, said neck being of such length as to remain at times during its operation in a motor.

2. In combination Witha valve guide, a puppet valve having a stem slidable in said guide and a cast metal head on said stem, a portion of the stem directly beneath the head being of the same casting as the head, said portion being of such length as to remain at least partially in the valve stem guide at all times during its operation in a motor.

3. A puppet valve having a metal head and a neck of like metal extending therefrom, said metal being adapted to Withstand the zone of greatest heat in an internal combustion engine, a valve stem guide for said valve, said neck being of such length as to remain at least partially in the valve stem guide at all times during its operation in a motor, and a stem of inferior material secured to said neck. t

4. In combination With a valve guide, a puppet valve having a stem slidable in said guide and a metal head on said stem, a portion of said stem directly beneath the head being of the same material as said head, said metal being adapted to Withstand the zone of greatest heat in an internal combustion engine, said portion being of such length as to remain at least partially in the valve stem guide at all times during its operation in .a

motor, the remainder of said stem, being of inferior material. a In testimony whereof we aflix our signatures.

ADOLPH GREINER. CORNELIUS J. LONG. 

